Course Description

At the core of the course is the question how feminism has become a demonized and ridiculed “F-word” in an age when issues of gender and sexuality are at the center of constant, often explosive political debates. These debates often connect media representation and political representation but tend to do so in simplistic ways that bypass or distort decades of sophisticated feminist theory and practice. We will trace back such representations through the decades around case studies that encompass film, video, television and new media practices. The case studies come from the United States and beyond, taking into full account the global interconnectedness of media production and consumption as well as the transnational travel of feminist ideas. The main goal of the course is to evaluate how useful feminist thinking is to understanding the relays between media and political representation; and to develop a lasting critical apparatus to analyzing the politics of gender and sexuality in the media.


Monday, September 23, 2013

"Pleasure from victims" and Consumerism: the case of Korean dramas



This week’s readings are about gender and melodrama, the women’s genre. In Film Bodies: Gender, Genre, and Excess while equally examining three “body” genres – pornography, horror and melodrama Williams contributes insightful examination toward the melodrama. In contrast to the feminist empirical assumption that melodrama offers pleasure of viewing for male only, she argues, this women’s genre also offers female viewer the “suspension of pleasure” and “pleasure from victims.” From postmodernist lens, Joy investigates the connection among women, TV melodrama and consumerism.  Like Williams, Joyrich avoiding looking down melodramas, he rather finds its potential in softening viewers’ anxiety when they have to face social and ideological crisis because of the ability offering illusion of the order. Joy argues that because of the cultural place in which women suffer the patriarchy, women do not have the necessary distance toward images presented on the screen. This closeness inspires women’s narcissism. Therefore, they are attracted to images on TV and become subjects of advertising in the depressing search for the real self.

Rather than adopting Williams’ and Joyrich’s arguments to analyze Far From Heaven, I would like to take an alternative road. In the followings, I will clarify the “suspension of pleasure”  (Williams) and the relations of female and consumerism (Joyrich) through examining blossom of Korean dramas in the 1990s in Asia and Vietnam. 

In the late 1990s and early 2000s Korean dramas swept over East Asia, pioneering for the invasion of Korean Wave in many countries in this area. Particularly, in 1997, the show What is Love All About was broadcasted on China Central Television quickly became a phenomenal hit. Since then, a fever of Korean dramas quickly exploded in the neighboring countries such as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. I still remember clearly how my mom and I excitedly waited every episode of The Autum Heart when I was a high school student. Everybody talked about Korean dramas; they became a hot topic gathering people together. 

Although most of these Korean shows have a noticeably banal formula of triangle love in which one of protagonists dies of cancer, Vietnamese viewers still wholeheartedly embraced because of its sentimental storylines and romance. Night after night my mom and I were crying for the harsh faith of the female character, a poor women in her twenty-something in The Autum Heart. We cried because of our impotence as Joyrich points out in his article. As viewers, we cannot help her out of the severe situation or even tell her lover about her disease as my mom wished. While the passivity made us annoyed, the suspension of the story offered us tremendous pleasure. “What is next?” was the question most discussed in our conversations. We guessed abilities that might happen to her. Then we were looking forward to the next episode to check them out. It should emphasize here that it is not only the suspension of pleasure attracting us to the show but also the pleasure of experiencing the pain of the female protagonist. Despite of being presented as a victim from the patriarchal perspective, the female character possesses the most valuable gift of life: the eternal love. It is this fantasy of being loved forever that maintains the pressure of viewing of female. By this, I would foster Williams’ argument that female viewers also share the pleasure of being object of sadistic male’s gaze rather than merely suffer it. Moreover, for most of Vietnamese female viewers who are unfamiliar with feminist ideas have been got used to the ideas of being passive in the norms of Confucian society, it is unlikely for them – back in the 1990s at least- to expect any subversion in the representations of gender on TV screen. Instead, they enjoy the illusion of being love at the cost of being passive that melodramas generously furnish. Mentioning this, I would emphasize the importance of cultural specificity in the assessment of pleasure.  

From the societal angle, it is the abilities to satisfy the desire of female viewers whose harsh lives sharply contrast with the comfortable lives represented in this genre that has filled up the  “wild fire” of Korean drama phenomenon. The representation of the glamorous city life in the Korean shows quickly attracted the Vietnamese viewers’ attention. It is worth noting that Vietnamese government had just accepted the policy of free market in 1986 and consumerism went along with capitalism to the country since then. Quickly but surely, Korean dramas -within the Korean government’s aim spreading Korean cultures over Asia has established the new conception of fashion standard-  Korean style in Vietnamese society. Everybody wanted to dress and make up just like Korean actors/actress. For over fifteen years, Made-in-Korea cosmetic products and Korean style –oriented fashions have been Vietnamese teens’ and even middle-aged women’s favorite. 

My comment did not intend to this length. What I wrote above is to elaborate on this week readings’ arguments on a fresher land, Korean dramas. I would like to on the one hand make use of the feminist theory; on the other, this take offers me a chance to look at the effects of the cultural specificity on the response toward melodrama genre.  

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